Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare And 10 Things I...

â€Å"Literature has documented the familiar yet profound transformation of sex roles associated with the process of societal modernisation† (Ronald Inglehart, Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around The World, 2003) Detecting the intertextual relationship between Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare and 10 Things I Hate About You by Gil Junger, has greatly enhanced and enriched my understanding of love and gender and it’s varying ideals throughout the centuries. Taming of the Shrew depicts the quintessential features of a 16th century marriage, whilst 10 Things I Hate About You, its 21st century counterpart, has been rebooted to match the modern cultural expectations and ideals of love, relationships and marriage. The†¦show more content†¦(Act 5, Scene 2, page 9). Kate is discussing the cultural idea of Elizabethan societies women being refined and restrained. The 16th century â€Å"was a time dominated by men while women themselves remained meek and submissive — these traits were crucial in their belonging and survival in both their family and society† (Pople, 2015). Kate is denouncing the ability of women as a gender and their capacity to be equals to their husbands - heavily influenced by the Elizabethan cultural idea that women existence is based around serving their husband and being submissive to their dominance. Kat’s changing role in 10 Things I Hate About You embodies the shift in cultural and social expectations of a 21st century female. Kat’s independence and autonomous is a result of movements such as 3rd Wave feminism and the Riot Grrrl movement which were prevalent during the 90s, and the consequent social expectation for a character with self-importance, confidence and assertiveness. Kat expresses to Patrick â€Å"Why should I live up to other people’s expectations instead of my own?† Kat is reaffirming the feminist belief that personal happiness and achievement will always come before satisfying the needs of the opposite gender and impressing others. Kat is demonstrating her self-dependance and aspiration to live in liberation: as her own

Essay Gender versus Racial Differences in American Culture

Gender versus Racial Differences in American Culture With all of the social and economic gains made by women and ethnic groups through the past 30 years, it is amazing how America still focuses on both gender and racial differences. It doesn’t matter if you are African American, Caucasion, Asian or whatever. Society, no matter how â€Å"politically correct† it is claiming to be these days, still tends to stereotype all walks of life. One of the most noticeable focuses of today is ethnic difference. An example of this is the Hip-Hop generation. Mostly thought of, as young black males who is disrespectful, loud and unintelligent or young white suburbia trying to be like those black males. This stereotype couldn’t be more incorrect†¦show more content†¦Little or nothing is ever said about the good things some of these entertainers do for their communities and various charities. In the workplace there is both a gender and ethnic gap. One may say that there is more focus on the difference in the work habits of men vs. women, than ethnicity. Where in truth, there is an issue when it comes to women and men in the workplace. Men are thought to dominate most positions of authority and managerial positions in an office environment. Most women are looked over for positions not mainly because of them not being qualified, but because of non-work related commitments and issues that many women face due to having families. With the differential treatment women have to deal with, it is twofold if you are a woman of color applying for the same position. Ethnic women are looked over for positions in a lot of cases because of their image is not what most of corporate America deem to be professional. For instance if a black woman wears braids or an elaborate hairstyles, then she is not professional. People already have a predisposed view of ethnic women concerning their work habits and attitudes. This makes it harder to advance in the company without having to prove themselves twice as much as their white counterparts. Even though today’s generation is more open and ‘color-blind’ than their previous generation, there is a bigger focus on anything racial than gender. Take interracialShow MoreRelatedGran Torino: Challenging Stereotypes Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesattributes of contemporary assumptions of status, gender and ethnicity. 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As You Like It a Romantic Comedy free essay sample

The major conventions of Shakespearean Romantic Comedy are: The main action is about love. The would-be lovers must overcome obstacles and misunderstandings before being united in harmonious union. The ending frequently involves a parade of couples to the altar and a festive mood or actual celebration (expressed in dance, song, feast, etc. ) A Midsummer Nights Dream has four such couples (not counting Pyramus and Thisbe! ); As You Like It has four; Twelfth Night has three; etc. Frequently (but not always), it contains elements of the improbable, the fantastic, the supernatural, or the miraculous, e. . unbelievable coincidences, improbable scenes of recognition/lack of recognition, willful disregard of the social order (nobles marrying commoners, beggars changed to lords), instantaneous conversions (the wicked repent), enchanted or idealized settings, supernatural beings (witches, fairies, Gods and Goddesses). The happy ending may be brought about through supernatural or divine intervention (comparable to the deus ex machina in classical comedy, where a God appears to resolve the conflict) or may merely involve improbable turns of events. In the best of the mature comedies, there is frequently a philosophical aspect involving weightier issues and themes: personal identity; the importance of love in human existence; the power of language to help or hinder communication; the transforming power of poetry and art; the disjunction between appearance and reality; the power of dreams and illusions). As you like it is a romantic comedy. It is full of sunshine, love, laughter, and song. The predominant mood of the play is one of cheerfulness, light-hearted gaiety, and laughter.It is a pure and fun romantic comedy. It revolves around two plots. One centers on hatred and the other centers on love. The outcome of both plots reveals that love is all-important, whether it is brotherly love or romantic love. The play depicts romantic love at its best. comedy, and with more immediate success. For this his models include the dramatists Robert Greene and John Lyly, along with Thomas Nashe. The result is a genre recognizably and distinctively Shakespearean, even if he learned a lot from Greene and Lyly: the romantic comedy.As in the work of his models, Shakespeares early comedies revel in stories of amorous courtship in which a plucky and admirable young woman (played by a boy actor) is paired off against her male wooer. Julia, one of two young heroines in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (c. 1590–94), disguises herself as a man in order to follow her lover, Proteus, when he is sent from Verona to Milan. Proteus (appropriately named for the changeable Proteus of Greek myth), she discovers, is paying far too much attention to Sylvia, the beloved of Proteuss best friend, Valentine. Love and friendship thus do battle for the divided loyalties of the erring male until the generosity of his friend and, most of all, the enduring chaste loyalty of the two women bring Proteus to his senses. The motif of the young woman disguised as a male was to prove invaluable to Shakespeare in subsequent romantic comedies, including The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night. As is generally true of Shakespeare, he derived the essentials of his plot from a narrative source, in this case a long Spanish prose romance, the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor.Shakespeares most classically inspired early comedy is The Comedy of Errors (c. 1589–94). Here he turned particularly to Plautuss farcical play called the Menaechmi (Twins). The story of one twin (Antipholus) looking for his lost brother, accompanied by a clever servant (Dromio) whose twin has also disappeared, results in a farce of mistaken identities that also thoughtfully explores issues of identity and self-kno wing. The young women of the play, one the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus (Adriana) and the other her sister (Luciana), engage in meaningful dialogue on issues of wifely obedience and autonomy. Marriage resolves these difficulties at the end, as is routinely the case in Shakespearean romantic comedy, but not before the plot complications have tested the characters needs to know who they are and what men and women ought to expect from one another. Shakespeares early romantic comedy most indebted to John Lyly is Loves Labours Lost (c. 588–97), a confection set in the never-never land of Navarre where the King and his companions are visited by the Princess of France and her ladies-in-waiting on a diplomatic mission that soon devolves into a game of courtship. As is often the case in Shakespearean romantic comedy, the young women are sure of who they are and whom they intend to marry; one cannot be certain that they ever really fall in love, since they begin by knowing what they want.The young men, conversely, fall all over themselves in their comically futile attempts to eschew romantic love in favour of more serious pursuits. They perjure themselves, are shamed and put down, and are finally forgiven their follies by the women. Shakespeare brilliantly portrays male discomfiture and female self-assurance as he explores the treacherous but desirable world of sexual attraction, while the verbal gymnastics of the play emphasize the wonder and the delicious foolishness of falling in love. In The Taming of the Shrew (c. 590–94), Shakespeare employs a device of multiple plotting that is to become a standard feature of his romantic comedies. In one plot, derived from Ludovico Ariostos I suppositi (Supposes, as it had been translated into English by George Gascoigne), a young woman (Bianca) carries on a risky courtship with a young man who appears to be a tutor, much to the dismay of her father, who hopes to marry her to a wealthy suitor of his own choosing. Eventually the mistaken identities are straightened out, establishing the presumed tutor as Lucentio, wealthy and suitable enough.Simultaneously, Biancas shrewish sister Kate denounces (and terrorizes) all men. Biancas suitors commission the self-assured Petruchio to pursue Kate so that Bianca, the younger sister, will be free to wed. The wife-taming plot is itself based on folktale and ballad tradition in which men assure their ascendancy in the marriage relationship by beating their wives into submission. Shakespeare transforms this raw, antifeminist material into a study of the struggle for dominance in the marriage relationship.And, whereas he does opt in this play for male triumph over the female, he gives to Kate a sense of humour that enables her to see how she is to play the game to her own advantage as well. She is, arguably, happy at the end with a relationship based on wit and companionship, whereas her sister Bianca turns out to be simply spoiled The play is set in a duchy in France, but most of the action takes place in a location called the Forest of Arden. Frederick has usurped the Duchy and exiled his older brother, Duke Senior.The Dukes daughter Rosalind has been permitted to remain at court because she is the closest friend and cousin of Fredericks only child, Celia. Orlando, a young gentleman of the kingdom who has fallen in love at first sight of Rosalind, is forced to flee his home after being persecuted by his older brother, Oliver. Frederick becomes angry and banishes Rosalind from court. Celia and Rosalind decide to flee together accompanied by the jester Touchstone, with Rosalind disguised as a young man and Celia disguised as a poor lady.Rosalind, now disguised as Ganymede (Joves own page), and Celia, now disguised as Aliena (Latin for stranger), arrive in the Arcadian Forest of Arden, where the exiled Duke now lives with some supporters, including the melancholy Jaques, who is introduced to us weeping over the slaughter of a deer. Ganymede and Aliena do not immediately encounter the Duke and his companions, as they meet up with Corin, an impoverished tenant, and offer to buy his masters rude cottage.Audrey by Philip Richard Morris Orlando and his servant Adam (a role possibly played by Shakespeare himself, though this story is apocryphal),[1] meanwhile, find the Duke and his men and are soon living with them and posting simplistic love poems for Rosalind on the trees. Rosalind, also in love with Orlando, m eets him as Ganymede and pretends to counsel him to cure him of being in love. Ganymede says he will take Rosalinds place and he and Orlando can act out their relationship. The shepherdess Phebe, with whom Silvius is in love, has fallen in love with Ganymede (actually Rosalind), though Ganymede continually shows that he is not interested in Phebe. Touchstone, meanwhile, has fallen in love with the dull-witted shepherdess, Audrey, and tries to woo her, but eventually is forced to be married first. William, another shepherd attempts to marry Audrey as well, but is stopped by Touchstone, who threatens to kill him a hundred and 50 different ways.Finally, Silvius, Phebe, Ganymede, and Orlando are brought together in an argument with each other over who will get whom. Ganymede says he will solve the problem, having Orlando promise to marry Rosalind, and Phebe promise to marry Silvius if she cannot marry Ganymede. Orlando sees Oliver in the forest and rescues him from a lioness, causing Oliver to repent for mistreating Orlando (some directors treat this as a tale, rather than reality). Oliver meets Aliena (Celias false identity) and falls in love with her, and they agree to marry. Orlando and Rosalind, Oliver and Celia, Silvius and Phebe, and Touchstone and Audrey all are married in the final scene, after which they discover that Frederick has also repented his faults, deciding to restore his legitimate brother to the dukedom and adopt a religious life. Jaques, ever melancholy, declines their invitation to return to the court preferring to stay in the forest and to adopt a religious life. Rosalind speaks an epilogue to the audience, commending the play to both men and women in the audience.

The Origin of Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications free essay sample

Dr. Terry Mortenson in the article The Origin of Old- Earth Geology and its Ramifications on Life in the 21st Century, discusses a well know debate that goes back many years. In this review I will give a brief overview of what the article itself is about. Along with that, I will discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses that I have found and thought about. There are some very great points in this article, as well as weak points. I think it is important to discuss both. Overview: The Origin of Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications on Life in the 21st Century is an article by Dr. Terry Mortenson. He discusses a well know debate that goes back many years. He mentions three French scientists, Comte de Buffon(1708-88), Pierre Laplace(1749-1827), Jean Lamarck(1744-1829), and how they were involved in the development of theories without the involvement of God. We will write a custom essay sample on The Origin of Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He defends his arguments with the mentioning of the four scriptural geologist, George Young(1777-1848), George Fairholme(1789-1846), John Murray(1786? -1851), William Rhind(1797-1874)(Mortenson, 2003) . Strengths: I think Dr. Terry Mortenson makes very good points in his article, with great detail. He mentions the French scientists, and give a brief overview of what they brought to the table. â€Å"Three French scientists were prominent in this development. In Epochs of Nature (1778), Comte de Buffon (1708–88), postulated that the earth was the result of a collision between a comet and the sun and had gradually cooled from a molten lava state over at least 78,000 years. Pierre Laplace (1749–1827) published his nebular hypothesis in Exposition of the System of the Universe (1796). He imagined that the solar system had naturally and gradually condensed from a gas cloud during an indefinite but very long period of time. Jean Lamarck (1744–1829), in his Zoological Philosophy (1809), proposed a theory of biological evolution over long ages by means of the inheritance of acquired characteristics† (Mortenson, 2003). He made it clear that a person’s worldview greatly affects their scientific view on creation. The relationship to the belief in God to the belief in creation seems to be the central focus. He mentions the four scriptural geologists as well. â€Å"Four of the most geologically competent scriptural geologists were George Young, George Fairholme, John Murray and William Rhind.8 Their writings demonstrated extensive reading in the scientific (especially geological) literature of their day as well as considerable investigations of geological formations. They were men of strong Christian faith and respected character. Coincidentally these four were all Scottish† (Mortenson, 2003). Weaknesses: I believe with all of the information that Dr. Terry Mortenson gives, he could have given more biblical quotes backing his beliefs. He speaks of the flood, but gives no information from the Bible itself. Catastrophists believed that the creation was ‘untold ages’ old and that from time to time over those ages before man there had been several major catastrophic floods that destroyed a large percentage of living creatures, which God replaced with new, supernaturally created species† ( Mortenson, 2003). Had he backed up his beliefs with more information from the bible, I think I would have believed more myself. He speaks a lot on old theology studies, more towards the 1600s. I think he could have given examples from closer to the time frame the article is actually about. Conclusion: All in all I think the article itself was great. Could he have done better? Yes, but so could anyone else with their articles. It is hard to spot weaknesses myself, because I would like to see the best in everyone. I definitely found all the strengths easily. This article seemed to have a good premise behind the information. All of the information that the author provided was interesting, and thought provoking. Unfortunately, the author fell off topic for the better part of the article, and made ridiculous claims in his final section. The idea that naturalism and the spread of the Old-Earth ideology are remotely responsible in the downfall of society is an over-generalization, unverifiable, and an erroneous hypothesis at best. In my opinion, although an informative article, this document lost its legitimacy, and credibility due to the writer’s inability to convey his information in a concise and non-exaggeration manner. For a person who was looking forward to learning more about the history and development of the Old-Earth theory and valid impacts on today’s society, this article was not impressive.