Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare And 10 Things I...

â€Å"Literature has documented the familiar yet profound transformation of sex roles associated with the process of societal modernisation† (Ronald Inglehart, Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around The World, 2003) Detecting the intertextual relationship between Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare and 10 Things I Hate About You by Gil Junger, has greatly enhanced and enriched my understanding of love and gender and it’s varying ideals throughout the centuries. Taming of the Shrew depicts the quintessential features of a 16th century marriage, whilst 10 Things I Hate About You, its 21st century counterpart, has been rebooted to match the modern cultural expectations and ideals of love, relationships and marriage. The†¦show more content†¦(Act 5, Scene 2, page 9). Kate is discussing the cultural idea of Elizabethan societies women being refined and restrained. The 16th century â€Å"was a time dominated by men while women themselves remained meek and submissive — these traits were crucial in their belonging and survival in both their family and society† (Pople, 2015). Kate is denouncing the ability of women as a gender and their capacity to be equals to their husbands - heavily influenced by the Elizabethan cultural idea that women existence is based around serving their husband and being submissive to their dominance. Kat’s changing role in 10 Things I Hate About You embodies the shift in cultural and social expectations of a 21st century female. Kat’s independence and autonomous is a result of movements such as 3rd Wave feminism and the Riot Grrrl movement which were prevalent during the 90s, and the consequent social expectation for a character with self-importance, confidence and assertiveness. Kat expresses to Patrick â€Å"Why should I live up to other people’s expectations instead of my own?† Kat is reaffirming the feminist belief that personal happiness and achievement will always come before satisfying the needs of the opposite gender and impressing others. Kat is demonstrating her self-dependance and aspiration to live in liberation: as her own

Essay Gender versus Racial Differences in American Culture

Gender versus Racial Differences in American Culture With all of the social and economic gains made by women and ethnic groups through the past 30 years, it is amazing how America still focuses on both gender and racial differences. It doesn’t matter if you are African American, Caucasion, Asian or whatever. Society, no matter how â€Å"politically correct† it is claiming to be these days, still tends to stereotype all walks of life. One of the most noticeable focuses of today is ethnic difference. An example of this is the Hip-Hop generation. Mostly thought of, as young black males who is disrespectful, loud and unintelligent or young white suburbia trying to be like those black males. This stereotype couldn’t be more incorrect†¦show more content†¦Little or nothing is ever said about the good things some of these entertainers do for their communities and various charities. In the workplace there is both a gender and ethnic gap. One may say that there is more focus on the difference in the work habits of men vs. women, than ethnicity. Where in truth, there is an issue when it comes to women and men in the workplace. Men are thought to dominate most positions of authority and managerial positions in an office environment. Most women are looked over for positions not mainly because of them not being qualified, but because of non-work related commitments and issues that many women face due to having families. With the differential treatment women have to deal with, it is twofold if you are a woman of color applying for the same position. Ethnic women are looked over for positions in a lot of cases because of their image is not what most of corporate America deem to be professional. For instance if a black woman wears braids or an elaborate hairstyles, then she is not professional. People already have a predisposed view of ethnic women concerning their work habits and attitudes. 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As You Like It a Romantic Comedy free essay sample

The major conventions of Shakespearean Romantic Comedy are: The main action is about love. The would-be lovers must overcome obstacles and misunderstandings before being united in harmonious union. The ending frequently involves a parade of couples to the altar and a festive mood or actual celebration (expressed in dance, song, feast, etc. ) A Midsummer Nights Dream has four such couples (not counting Pyramus and Thisbe! ); As You Like It has four; Twelfth Night has three; etc. Frequently (but not always), it contains elements of the improbable, the fantastic, the supernatural, or the miraculous, e. . unbelievable coincidences, improbable scenes of recognition/lack of recognition, willful disregard of the social order (nobles marrying commoners, beggars changed to lords), instantaneous conversions (the wicked repent), enchanted or idealized settings, supernatural beings (witches, fairies, Gods and Goddesses). The happy ending may be brought about through supernatural or divine intervention (comparable to the deus ex machina in classical comedy, where a God appears to resolve the conflict) or may merely involve improbable turns of events. In the best of the mature comedies, there is frequently a philosophical aspect involving weightier issues and themes: personal identity; the importance of love in human existence; the power of language to help or hinder communication; the transforming power of poetry and art; the disjunction between appearance and reality; the power of dreams and illusions). As you like it is a romantic comedy. It is full of sunshine, love, laughter, and song. The predominant mood of the play is one of cheerfulness, light-hearted gaiety, and laughter.It is a pure and fun romantic comedy. It revolves around two plots. One centers on hatred and the other centers on love. The outcome of both plots reveals that love is all-important, whether it is brotherly love or romantic love. The play depicts romantic love at its best. comedy, and with more immediate success. For this his models include the dramatists Robert Greene and John Lyly, along with Thomas Nashe. The result is a genre recognizably and distinctively Shakespearean, even if he learned a lot from Greene and Lyly: the romantic comedy.As in the work of his models, Shakespeares early comedies revel in stories of amorous courtship in which a plucky and admirable young woman (played by a boy actor) is paired off against her male wooer. Julia, one of two young heroines in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (c. 1590–94), disguises herself as a man in order to follow her lover, Proteus, when he is sent from Verona to Milan. Proteus (appropriately named for the changeable Proteus of Greek myth), she discovers, is paying far too much attention to Sylvia, the beloved of Proteuss best friend, Valentine. Love and friendship thus do battle for the divided loyalties of the erring male until the generosity of his friend and, most of all, the enduring chaste loyalty of the two women bring Proteus to his senses. The motif of the young woman disguised as a male was to prove invaluable to Shakespeare in subsequent romantic comedies, including The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night. As is generally true of Shakespeare, he derived the essentials of his plot from a narrative source, in this case a long Spanish prose romance, the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor.Shakespeares most classically inspired early comedy is The Comedy of Errors (c. 1589–94). Here he turned particularly to Plautuss farcical play called the Menaechmi (Twins). The story of one twin (Antipholus) looking for his lost brother, accompanied by a clever servant (Dromio) whose twin has also disappeared, results in a farce of mistaken identities that also thoughtfully explores issues of identity and self-kno wing. The young women of the play, one the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus (Adriana) and the other her sister (Luciana), engage in meaningful dialogue on issues of wifely obedience and autonomy. Marriage resolves these difficulties at the end, as is routinely the case in Shakespearean romantic comedy, but not before the plot complications have tested the characters needs to know who they are and what men and women ought to expect from one another. Shakespeares early romantic comedy most indebted to John Lyly is Loves Labours Lost (c. 588–97), a confection set in the never-never land of Navarre where the King and his companions are visited by the Princess of France and her ladies-in-waiting on a diplomatic mission that soon devolves into a game of courtship. As is often the case in Shakespearean romantic comedy, the young women are sure of who they are and whom they intend to marry; one cannot be certain that they ever really fall in love, since they begin by knowing what they want.The young men, conversely, fall all over themselves in their comically futile attempts to eschew romantic love in favour of more serious pursuits. They perjure themselves, are shamed and put down, and are finally forgiven their follies by the women. Shakespeare brilliantly portrays male discomfiture and female self-assurance as he explores the treacherous but desirable world of sexual attraction, while the verbal gymnastics of the play emphasize the wonder and the delicious foolishness of falling in love. In The Taming of the Shrew (c. 590–94), Shakespeare employs a device of multiple plotting that is to become a standard feature of his romantic comedies. In one plot, derived from Ludovico Ariostos I suppositi (Supposes, as it had been translated into English by George Gascoigne), a young woman (Bianca) carries on a risky courtship with a young man who appears to be a tutor, much to the dismay of her father, who hopes to marry her to a wealthy suitor of his own choosing. Eventually the mistaken identities are straightened out, establishing the presumed tutor as Lucentio, wealthy and suitable enough.Simultaneously, Biancas shrewish sister Kate denounces (and terrorizes) all men. Biancas suitors commission the self-assured Petruchio to pursue Kate so that Bianca, the younger sister, will be free to wed. The wife-taming plot is itself based on folktale and ballad tradition in which men assure their ascendancy in the marriage relationship by beating their wives into submission. Shakespeare transforms this raw, antifeminist material into a study of the struggle for dominance in the marriage relationship.And, whereas he does opt in this play for male triumph over the female, he gives to Kate a sense of humour that enables her to see how she is to play the game to her own advantage as well. She is, arguably, happy at the end with a relationship based on wit and companionship, whereas her sister Bianca turns out to be simply spoiled The play is set in a duchy in France, but most of the action takes place in a location called the Forest of Arden. Frederick has usurped the Duchy and exiled his older brother, Duke Senior.The Dukes daughter Rosalind has been permitted to remain at court because she is the closest friend and cousin of Fredericks only child, Celia. Orlando, a young gentleman of the kingdom who has fallen in love at first sight of Rosalind, is forced to flee his home after being persecuted by his older brother, Oliver. Frederick becomes angry and banishes Rosalind from court. Celia and Rosalind decide to flee together accompanied by the jester Touchstone, with Rosalind disguised as a young man and Celia disguised as a poor lady.Rosalind, now disguised as Ganymede (Joves own page), and Celia, now disguised as Aliena (Latin for stranger), arrive in the Arcadian Forest of Arden, where the exiled Duke now lives with some supporters, including the melancholy Jaques, who is introduced to us weeping over the slaughter of a deer. Ganymede and Aliena do not immediately encounter the Duke and his companions, as they meet up with Corin, an impoverished tenant, and offer to buy his masters rude cottage.Audrey by Philip Richard Morris Orlando and his servant Adam (a role possibly played by Shakespeare himself, though this story is apocryphal),[1] meanwhile, find the Duke and his men and are soon living with them and posting simplistic love poems for Rosalind on the trees. Rosalind, also in love with Orlando, m eets him as Ganymede and pretends to counsel him to cure him of being in love. Ganymede says he will take Rosalinds place and he and Orlando can act out their relationship. The shepherdess Phebe, with whom Silvius is in love, has fallen in love with Ganymede (actually Rosalind), though Ganymede continually shows that he is not interested in Phebe. Touchstone, meanwhile, has fallen in love with the dull-witted shepherdess, Audrey, and tries to woo her, but eventually is forced to be married first. William, another shepherd attempts to marry Audrey as well, but is stopped by Touchstone, who threatens to kill him a hundred and 50 different ways.Finally, Silvius, Phebe, Ganymede, and Orlando are brought together in an argument with each other over who will get whom. Ganymede says he will solve the problem, having Orlando promise to marry Rosalind, and Phebe promise to marry Silvius if she cannot marry Ganymede. Orlando sees Oliver in the forest and rescues him from a lioness, causing Oliver to repent for mistreating Orlando (some directors treat this as a tale, rather than reality). Oliver meets Aliena (Celias false identity) and falls in love with her, and they agree to marry. Orlando and Rosalind, Oliver and Celia, Silvius and Phebe, and Touchstone and Audrey all are married in the final scene, after which they discover that Frederick has also repented his faults, deciding to restore his legitimate brother to the dukedom and adopt a religious life. Jaques, ever melancholy, declines their invitation to return to the court preferring to stay in the forest and to adopt a religious life. Rosalind speaks an epilogue to the audience, commending the play to both men and women in the audience.

The Origin of Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications free essay sample

Dr. Terry Mortenson in the article The Origin of Old- Earth Geology and its Ramifications on Life in the 21st Century, discusses a well know debate that goes back many years. In this review I will give a brief overview of what the article itself is about. Along with that, I will discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses that I have found and thought about. There are some very great points in this article, as well as weak points. I think it is important to discuss both. Overview: The Origin of Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications on Life in the 21st Century is an article by Dr. Terry Mortenson. He discusses a well know debate that goes back many years. He mentions three French scientists, Comte de Buffon(1708-88), Pierre Laplace(1749-1827), Jean Lamarck(1744-1829), and how they were involved in the development of theories without the involvement of God. We will write a custom essay sample on The Origin of Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He defends his arguments with the mentioning of the four scriptural geologist, George Young(1777-1848), George Fairholme(1789-1846), John Murray(1786? -1851), William Rhind(1797-1874)(Mortenson, 2003) . Strengths: I think Dr. Terry Mortenson makes very good points in his article, with great detail. He mentions the French scientists, and give a brief overview of what they brought to the table. â€Å"Three French scientists were prominent in this development. In Epochs of Nature (1778), Comte de Buffon (1708–88), postulated that the earth was the result of a collision between a comet and the sun and had gradually cooled from a molten lava state over at least 78,000 years. Pierre Laplace (1749–1827) published his nebular hypothesis in Exposition of the System of the Universe (1796). He imagined that the solar system had naturally and gradually condensed from a gas cloud during an indefinite but very long period of time. Jean Lamarck (1744–1829), in his Zoological Philosophy (1809), proposed a theory of biological evolution over long ages by means of the inheritance of acquired characteristics† (Mortenson, 2003). He made it clear that a person’s worldview greatly affects their scientific view on creation. The relationship to the belief in God to the belief in creation seems to be the central focus. He mentions the four scriptural geologists as well. â€Å"Four of the most geologically competent scriptural geologists were George Young, George Fairholme, John Murray and William Rhind.8 Their writings demonstrated extensive reading in the scientific (especially geological) literature of their day as well as considerable investigations of geological formations. They were men of strong Christian faith and respected character. Coincidentally these four were all Scottish† (Mortenson, 2003). Weaknesses: I believe with all of the information that Dr. Terry Mortenson gives, he could have given more biblical quotes backing his beliefs. He speaks of the flood, but gives no information from the Bible itself. Catastrophists believed that the creation was ‘untold ages’ old and that from time to time over those ages before man there had been several major catastrophic floods that destroyed a large percentage of living creatures, which God replaced with new, supernaturally created species† ( Mortenson, 2003). Had he backed up his beliefs with more information from the bible, I think I would have believed more myself. He speaks a lot on old theology studies, more towards the 1600s. I think he could have given examples from closer to the time frame the article is actually about. Conclusion: All in all I think the article itself was great. Could he have done better? Yes, but so could anyone else with their articles. It is hard to spot weaknesses myself, because I would like to see the best in everyone. I definitely found all the strengths easily. This article seemed to have a good premise behind the information. All of the information that the author provided was interesting, and thought provoking. Unfortunately, the author fell off topic for the better part of the article, and made ridiculous claims in his final section. The idea that naturalism and the spread of the Old-Earth ideology are remotely responsible in the downfall of society is an over-generalization, unverifiable, and an erroneous hypothesis at best. In my opinion, although an informative article, this document lost its legitimacy, and credibility due to the writer’s inability to convey his information in a concise and non-exaggeration manner. For a person who was looking forward to learning more about the history and development of the Old-Earth theory and valid impacts on today’s society, this article was not impressive.

Wordsworth and Keats free essay sample

____ Wordsworth and Keats both belongs to Romantic age and both are the shining stars on the horizons of poetry. Both mark their names in the history of English literature through their work. ___John Keats and William Wordsworth believe in the depth of the world and the possibilities of the human heart. Regardless of where each poet looks for their inspiration they both are looking for the same thing; timeless innocence. Both poets sought to transcend time by creating works that dealt with life, death, hope and imagination and to discover some kind of deep truth or meaning in existence. Life and death is an issue that we will all have to deal with at some point in our lives and like all Romantics they sought to give it meaning. ____Both writers, William Wordsworth and John Keats express a fascination and longing toward eternity and immortality. ____Two of these poets, John Keats and William Wordsworth, employ these themes in their most prominent poetic works; love, nature, poetry, oneness, beauty, lover, world, life and some others. We will write a custom essay sample on Wordsworth and Keats or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ____ Keats and Wordsworth both focus quite intensely on the connection between memory and the natural world, and they utilize some of their most memorable lines to describe the remembrance of nature that is present in the scene they each create. ____ Both great poets seem to recognize the finite nature of beauty, but they approach this recognition from different angles: Wordsworth uses personal memory, while Keats employs an examination of mortality. ____ Keats and Wordsworth felt a strong connection between themselves and nature. Because of the dissimilitude of the natural and industrialized world, they expressed a yearning to commune with and belong in a provincial setting. However, each held his own belief regarding the philosophy behind the idea. ____ Wordsworth and Keats believed that beauty was expressed through nature, they shared in the assumption that the imagination is a superior force. However, their views on the characteristics and definitions of creative perception differed greatly, but both consider it and search it. ____ Both the legends, hold certain similarities in their imaginative opinions, and also a likeness in their expressions of symbolism, imagery, and thematic elements. For example, Balslev believes that in regard to Keats’s â€Å"Hyperion† and  Wordsworth’s â€Å"The Excursion†, â€Å"we have in either passage a character apprehending the god of song† . Balslev also writes that, in the exclusion of Keats’s enhancement of beauty, â€Å"We have a situation, a vocabulary, and a tone that are greatly similar† ____When we compare their poetry through central symbols, there is little similarity between Keats and Wordsworth†. According to Balslev, nature is the one symbol synonymous with almost every poem Wordsworth composed. He writes as though both people and landscape are â€Å"blurred†, united as a whole and expressed through a muddled and sometimes indefinite meaning. Although Keats oftentimes relays strong symbolism in regards to nature, â€Å"the central symbol is sharply defined, often with statuesque effect, the supporting images are certainly given in terms of each other, but the o bject is to intensify while extending associations in all possible directions† Now we will discuss the differences between the both Romantic poets: Wordsworth and Keats ____ Wordsworths style is apparently simple, and expressive of genuine and sincere feeling. He has used the language of humble and rustic life purified of coarseness and oddities. According to him the language of poetry should be the real language of men. It should not have any artificiality about it. By men, Wordsworth meant the rustic folk and humble people. He used a selection of language that common men understood. As compare to Keats who uses incredibly sensual language to illustrate how he is feeling and what he is imagining which gives the odes a sensual feeling of being alive. In Keats Ode to Autumn he is using a large amount of sensual language to try and take us to the place in his mind, his choice of words are hugely important for making Autumn a sensual Ode. Wordsworth’s vocabulary†¦ is predominately abstract, in contradistinction to that of Keats, which is largely concre te. ____The alliteration, assonance, consonance, and rhyme in Wordsworth’s poems were not immediately noticeable, and thus were not important elements overall in their contribution to the speaker’s intended meaning. For example, these lines, â€Å"But oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the din Of towns and cities, I have owed to them,† While Keats’ usage of sounds was more effective than Wordsworth, even with a  limited number of alliterations and assonances. In this line, â€Å"And feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes† The reader can easily spot this repetition of the â€Å"ee† sound. ____ Beauty is central in Keats poetry. There are two different points of beauty according to Keats 1. Physical beauty that is temporary (beauty of woman, of a painting) 2. Spiritual beauty that is the beauty of love, art friendship and it is eternal. This kind of beauty represented for him a source of consolation (so it is something like a moral value). As he said that â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever: its loveliness increases; it will never pass into nothingness.† While Wordsworth feels beauty in everything within nature, He does not need a profound image to praise it but the nature itself as he believed to merge with nature and be united with it. As he said that â€Å"The human mind is capable of excitement without the application of gross and violent stimulants; and he must have a very faint perception of its beauty and dignity who does not know this† and â€Å"Be mild, and cleave to gentle things, thy glory and thy happiness be there.† ____ Keats saw nature as a form of beauty as he said Beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.† Wordsworth’s attitude to Nature can be clearly differentiated from that of the other great poets of Nature. He did not prefer the wild and stormy aspects of Nature like Byron, or the shifting and changeful aspects of Nature and the scenery of the sea and sky like Shelley. He did not recognize the ugly side of Nature ‘red in tooth and claw’ as Tennyson did. Wordsworth stressed upon the moral influence of Nature and the need of man’s spiritual discourse with her. â€Å"Come forth into the light of things, Let Nature be your teacher.† ____ According to Wordsworth the poet must greater sensibility and the ability to penetrate to the heart of things. As he said â€Å"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.† while Keats believes that imagination should come before all and is superior to the tangible exterior of the physical world. As a great poet the sense of Beauty overcomes every other consideration, or rather obliterates all considerations. ____ Keat’s wrote exquisite love letters, pouring out his heart in epistles as beautiful as his poetry. I have had a thousand kisses, for which with my whole soul I thank love, he wrote in one, but if you should deny me the thousand and first t would put me to the proof how great a misery I could live through. Here we have not seen any specific kind of love letters to a female lover but Wordsworth loved to portrait villagers, simple girls as they are maiden and create an image that is loveable and pure. ____Wordsworth seen the things as a whole and tried to find out reasons to unite with the nature as compare to Keats was highly-subjective poet, his work depicts his inner personality. His pessimism is not destructive, although his melancholy lingers on throughout his poetry. The Public a thing I cannot help looking upon as an enemy, and which I cannot address without feelings of hostility. ______ Keats was extremely pessimist in his spontaneous flow of thoughts. His Brother Tom’s death disturbed him a lot. He wrote in one of his letters: â€Å"I have never known any unalloyed happiness for many days together; the death or sickness of someone has always spoilt my h ours.† Wordsworth was not a pessimist but a philanthropist. _____Images in a poem serve to help the reader bring the words to reality, or recall memories based on the reader’s experiences. Again, in Wordsworth’s â€Å"Lines,† his images are subtle, yet it is indicative of the simple, unobtrusive ways of nature, and interestingly, he has images for each of the five senses. The sense in this line, â€Å"These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs With a soft inland murmur† Refers to the sense of audition, or hearing. On the other hand, Keats’ images were explicit but did not tune to our senses so much as Wordsworth’s technique. The images he used to depict nature did not have the peacefulness that Wordsworth intended; rather, they were used to inhibit humans from negative feelings. â€Å"Can burst Joy’s grape against his palate fine† and â€Å"Nor suffer thy pale forehead to be kissed†   are examples of his sensory images. _____ Wordsworth’s poems are use to an explicit metaphor. â€Å"Their colors and their forms, were then to me   An appetite; a feeling and a love†.  Wordsworth compares the forms and colors of the mountains and the forests to an â€Å"appetite, a feeling, and a love.†Ã‚  Keats has an advantage over Wordsworth in this respect, because in addition to metaphors and personification, he includes allusions. Though both Wordsworth and Keats strongly influenced the archetypical composition of their age, they hailed from entirely different backgrounds and thus expressed their beliefs contrastingly. Each formed unique and yet occasionally similar viewpoints in regard to their opinions of nature, their expressions of the value of imagination, and their utilization of symbolism, metaphors, and themes.

Personal Application of Criminology

Personal Application of Criminology work together in their group and therefore he cannot deny being a friend to the boy. He explained that the boy is bright in class and helps him to improve on the things that he has not understood well from their teacher. For this reason, he decided to make him a school friend but he has nothing to do with him when it comes to home activities. Since I was not convinced I went further and asked my son to tell me what he know about his friend and if they participate in the same activities. I am not very sure about his lifestyle because most our activities are school centered, he said. From this information, I understood my son was uninformed. This made me to think of the second option of investigation. Getting more investigation from my sons friends After trying my best to gather information and failed, I requested my son to tell me some of his friends that could be more close to the boy so that I can get more information. My son did not hesitate this. He told me and even took his time to take me to where they were. Actually, this was great because it really helped me to gather more information. We got one of my sons friends Jimmy whom I had a talk with, in the talk I asked Jimmy if he knows that boy well and what they shared in common. Jimmy explained that they had known one another recently, and he therefore had little information about him. He went ahead and told me that in spite of the fact that they had known one another recently, he was able to observe that the boy was friendly. Besides this, his jovial face and good performance in class made them friendly. On the other hand, he had recently discovered that boy looked so secretive. He was not ready to open up to friends, and carried out most of his activities silently. This answer made me to be more inquisitive. I wanted to know what kind of secrets the boy had so that I can come up with better establishment of criminal activities. It forced me to ask Jimmy explain exactly what he meant by saying the boy is secretive, and what kind of secret did he keep. Jimmy told me that he sat next to him in class and he seemed to have too much money but on asking him, he was not ready to tell where he gets it. Jimmy also noted that the boy may sometimes look restless and he would say he is going to take some medicine. After sometime, he comes back to class relieved and with a jovial face but if Jimmy was to ask what kind of disease he suffered and medicine prescription from a doctor he could no tell. Jimmys statement pressed me had, that I could not hesitate digging deeper. I therefore, ask Jimmy to tell me any other friend that knows the boy better. Jimmy then decided to tell and show me one of the closest friends of the boy called Wayne. I got Wayne and discussed this issue. While discussing with Wayne he told me that apart from being friends they were also close neighbors. He added that even though he is a close neighbor he is not his close friend. I still did not get tired of my investigation, I therefore asked Wayne to tell me why the boy was not his close friend. He said that the boy hardily stayed at home, he would have his day spent out of his home and comes late in the evening. This character was contrary to what Waynes parents expected and therefore this made them have a distant friendship relationship. This was not enough to make my investigation. I therefore demanded that Wayne tells me if there is any other person who could give me more information about the boy. I could see Wayne trying to hesitate and pretended not to know any of the boys friends. I clearly saw from Waynes eyes that there was something fishy. This was something shocking because it led me to suspect Wayne too. I thought for a while, and got an idea. It was not good to give Wayne a chance over this. I decided to use issue a treat to him. I told Wayne that I had already known all their secrets and. Besides this, I had known all the activities they undertake, therefore it will be better if he clearly explain this. If he does not he will also be a victim of circumstance and he will land to the hands of law. The treat I issued to Wayne made him to tell me more about the boy. Ha said that the boy was rich and at one time, he had proposed to him that they engage in a certain business so that he also becomes rich. This statement stroke my head, I then become keen and inquired for more. Wayne went ahead and said that he actually did not know this business because the boy had a condition to this, He will only introduce him to the business if he was to agree the terms and condition of the business. Since Wayne was not ready to accept the terms and condition, he could not be introduced to the business. I pinned Wayne to the wall, but he insisted that he was not sure about the business. He said that he had noted something weird in that boy, Wayne had once sited on their balcony when he saw him snick out of their house with a bag on his back. He then moved a distance and made a transaction with a certain man. Before the end of that transaction, he saw the boy taking something like a cigarette from his pocket then lit it and smoked for a short time. He then went back to the house immediately after smoking. On the following day, Wayne asked him why he was engaging himself in the habit of smoking. The boy denied it completely and even demanded to know where Wayne saw him smoking. I met the parents of the boy for further investigation After gathering information to this point, without fulfilling my desire I now thought of moving to the next step. I took a step ahead to meet with the parents of the boy. I got his father then asked him to give me time to discuss over the issue. He was positive and allowed me a chance to discuss with him. I explained to him that I had noted something weird from his son. He was ready to listen to me. I now told him that I once come home and found my door ajar, only to find it was his son in my kitchen. Besides that, he had put aside my jewelry and he smelled marijuana. I told him that this scene was not pleasing and I decided to tell him to go away immediately and he did so. I explained to him that it was something annoying to find out that young boys engage in criminal activities. I therefore made an investigation in order to establish the criminal activity. He seemed to be afraid, but I went ahead and told him that I had carried an intensive investigation. From my investigation I had establish evidence that the boy was a criminal. I asked his father to make a decision on what to do in order to save him from crime. The fathers response was good. He said that he could not deny the fact that his son could be participating in criminal activities. He added that recently, he has been coming home too late and on asking him, he would say that he gone out to play with his friends. Another thing that he had noted was that his son took more time away from home. Lucky enough he was in when I came and he had not realized my presence in their house. His father called him. I questioned the boy concerning all the facts that I had established from the beginning of the investigation. The boy could not admit, I decided to use threats as a measure of identifying a criminal. I threatened to call a police, this was nothing to him and he still denied the charges of crime on him. His father and I come into an agreement; we agreed that we would make a search in his room. In the search, we got a bag containing marijuana and other types of drugs. Besides this, he also had dangerous weapons such as pistol and knife. His father was annoyed, because of his annoyance he decided to call the police. He said he was against crime and he would not tolerate it in his home. When the police come, we used the boy to carryout more investigation. We found out that there were other young boys participating in criminal activates. From the personal application of criminology, it is encouraged to learn about crime. This will help our society to grow physically, socially and morally upright. It helps people learn how to engage themselves in constructive activities instead of crime. Especially the youth, they are vulnerable and this becomes a basis of education to them.

Political Ideology and MNEs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Ideology and MNEs - Essay Example In the era of globalization, MNEs act as investors to local economies, either inducing or reducing capital based on perceived political conditions. For example, if an MNE perceives the political ideology of a local government to be hostile to business interests, it can simply pull out of the country and invest that capital at a more favourable country. Authors Daniels et al touch upon this important facet to business practice in their book. Just as governing political ideology have a say in MNE decision making, the converse is also true. In this way, MNEs as a collective force hold a veto power over the decisions of governments. By collectively threatening to withdraw capital, MNEs can coerce governments into tailoring policies that suit their ends. Such is the world of real politic that often political ideology comes second to the imperatives of business needs. This other, more vicious, side to MNEs’ relationship to political ideology is not exposited in the book. This is a c onsiderable omission, for, often, businesses operate in the world of real-politic and not stated political ideology. The authors claim in their introduction to the book that their objective is to achieve an â€Å"effective balance between authoritative theory and meaningful practice.† But, disappointingly, this objective has not been met by virtue of the afore-stated omission. Just as Political Ideology has an impact on MNE operations, the local culture also has an impact. This facet to MNE management is brought to light by Redpath & Nielsen in their journal article titled ‘A Comparison of Native Culture, Non-Native Culture and New Management Ideology’ published in the prestigious French language journal Revue Canadienne Des Sciences De L'Administration. One of the challenges facing MNEs when they enter a new market is dealing with local cultural sensibilities. There is no systematic approach to resolving this challenge. Often a charismatic leadership with a tact ful and diplomatic approach toward understanding local culture works best. Daniels et al in their book on International Business do not deal with this component of MNE operations in any great detail. On the other hand, the article by Redpath & Nielsen does. They describe â€Å"Hofstede’s five key dimensions of national cultural differences and examine the connections between cultural values and management practices.† (Redpath & Nielsen, 2007) Hofstede’s dimensions are then analyzed to â€Å"provide insights into the differences between Native and non-Native cultures and how Native organizations may draw on traditional cultural values to improve organizational effectiveness. In general, Native cultures are described as collectivist, egalitarian, adaptive, and tolerant. The argument is made that the cultural context in which Native organizations operate is in many ways more compatible with the new management ideology than is the society in which this ideology pre vails.† (Redpath & Nielsen, 2007) One of the drawbacks in the book by Daniels and his team is the lack of rigor in referring to economic theories that are the backbone of modern business. For example, the major principles of capitalism as laid down by Adam Smith, and which are still central to modern business operations, do find much mention at all. It should be remembered that capitalism is as much a political ideology as it is an economic system. In the era of neoliberal capitalism, this sparse treatment of theory by Daniels et al is a

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macroeconomics - Essay Example According to Hayek, â€Å"the price mechanism of the free market serves to convey information about supply and demand that is dispersed among many consumers and producers and which cannot be assembled or coordinated efficiently in any other way†. And seriously â€Å"doubts whether a socialist economy is capable of solving the problems of rational allocation of its resources (Hayek, 1982)†. Keynes on the other hand favored government intervention through its fiscal and monetary policy to assuage the impact of recession and depression or financial crisis like the one United States recently had in 2009. Keynes believe that it is not only the market that can make an economy work at a maximum efficiency but such can also be raised to the that level by the intervention of the government. In contrast to Hayek, Keynes advocated collectivism through international coordination of fiscal and monetary stimulus to deflect and mitigate any downturn in economic cycle. He is also the s ponsor of deficit spending to lift an economy from depression in contrast to Hayek’s proposal that it solely market the (free) market that can achieve utmost efficiency in an economy.

Evolution of the Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolution of the Problem - Essay Example Due to the specialised nature of their services and the unique administrative framework, we expect substantial variations in the results of such investigations. Primarily, the NHCGL is a military hospital that aims at higher standards of service but not necessarily higher profitability. The administration is naturally not inclined to streamlining the organisation and optimising functionality as long as the services are not visibly affected. As the organisation grows larger it beocmes more and more difficult to alter the existing systems and the urger to continue with the current practices becomes stronger; thwarting efforts of change. The structure of most hospitals evolved as a response to their main function: which is "to cure patients with a great diversity of diseases in an effective way and with a minimum of risk, using most advanced medical techonologies available" (Don and Wolff, 1988). The core activities are performed by highly trained professionals- medical specialists in the case of hospitals. Their activities are highly standardized and they work relatively independetly of their colleagues though in close contact with their patients. This gives the health care organiational structure a certain looseness so that the tasks of the other members are not well defined. This was documented as early as 1988 in a study by Don Wallis and Charles Johannes Wolff. Their study also showed that the differentiation of tasks and the flexibility of rotations were lesser in public hospitals as compared to private hospitals. Hospitals have less formalisation and functional differentiation than industrial firms. In hospit als, the number of different medical specialisations and the differentiation of nursing departments are quite independent of each other. In summary, the existence of various communication related issues have been allowed to exist and even develop in the military

History and Development of Programming Languages

History and Development of Programming Languages Yash Ojha Introduction Programming languages play the most important role in the creation of various  Software’s. Application, and Webpages etc. Just because of the existence of programming languages today everything related to New Technology is possible. For example the various Social Networking sites that we use is a result of Programming Language, the Mobile phones that we use in our daily life is a brilliant outcome of programming as every IC in the circuit of the mobile phones are programmed due to which it works. The most important outcome of Programming Language is the creation of Operating Systems (OS). OS is something without which we cannot use our PC’s or Laptop’s or even our mobile phones. OS acts as a base for every single function of a device to work in short it provides an important platform for the working. If no programming languages were introduced then today it nearly impossible for the people to use computers, mobile phones, servers, and various other things. But thanks to the developers of the various types of Languages that made peoples life very easy and mobile. 1 All about JAVA! Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1992 and was officially  released in 1995. JAVA Technology is a programming language that is used for meeting  the objectives of current challenges and opportunities in the present computing realm. Java Virtual Machine (JVM): JVM is an Interpreter for JAVA programming language,   i.e., it is the only way to convert a Byte Code into machine language. The Byte Code  cannot be converted using any technique other than the JVM. Therefore as I said above Byte Code somehow helps Java in being secure. Java Runtime Environment (JRE): We all know that that the major problem with the programming languages before JAVA was platform dependency i.e., if we want to run the code compiled in Windows Xp in Linux, this was not possible as for that we need a special compiler which works in Linux only. So to solve this problem JRE was launched and became a part of java. Every Operating System have some mandatory files that are needed to run java on that particular OS. So in short JRE in the collection of all those mandatory files needed to run java on various OS’s plus JVM. Due to JRE today it is possible to use the code written in some OS in any other OS. So JRE made JAVA completely PLATFORM INDEPENDENT. The byte code is loaded into JVM using the Class Loader. JIT (Just in Time): JIT works as a verifier. It verifies the Byte Code first whether it is infected or not or whether it is holding some kind of virus in it or not. If found clean it forwards the Byte Code to the JVM for further process. JIT is completely responsible for the SECURITY of JAVA. Let’s see the whole process graphically. A.java A.class 2 Now I’ll show you a basic program in java with its output. class Sample { public static void main(Strings) { System.out.println(Hello World); } } Let’s talk about the main() function. The main function is made up of 5 things. Access Specifier Function Name public static void main() Parentheses Access Modifier Return Type Java Fundamentals All programming languages have its own syntax and reserved keywords. JAVA also  has these kind of language fundamentals.   Basic fundamentals of java includes: Java Keywords Data Types Legal and Illegal Identifiers Operators Let’s see every fundamental in detail. Java Keywords: Keywords are the words that convey special meaning to the language compiler. These are reserved for special purposes and must not be used as normal identifier names. Data Types: Data types are keywords are means to identify the type of data and how much memory a variable needs to carry out a particular operation. Data types are divided into two types: Primitive Data Types (8 types) Non Primitive Data Types (User Defined 3 types) Legal and Illegal Identifiers: Identifiers are building blocks of a program and are used as the general terminology for the names given to different parts of the program viz. variables, objects, classes, function, arrays etc. 3 Operators: The operations being carried out are represented by operators. The operations (specific tasks) are represented by operators and the objects of the operation are referred as operands Classes in JAVA Class is a collection of objects of similar types of objects. Objects are nothing but a buffer or an area and are defined by something which have some property and behaviour. In java objects are created in the HEAP Memory inside the Java Virtual Machine. Syntax for creating an object in java: Class name object name=new class name(); new is a keyword of java which when used creates an object in the HEAP. Now whenever we use the new keyword a space in created in the HEAP memory inside the JVM for the object at runtime. When we print the reference variable of some class then it prints 3 things: Class name â€Å"@† symbol Hash code Graphical representation of HEAP and other memory areas available inside the JVM. 4 Principal of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) The object oriented programming has been developed with a view to overcome the draw backs of conventional programming approaches. The OOP approach is based on certain concepts that helps it to attain its goal of overcoming the drawbacks of conventional programming approaches. There are 4 general concepts of OOP: Polymorphism Inheritance Abstraction Encapsulation (it’s a part of abstraction) Polymorphism: It is the ability for a message or data to be processed in more than one form or it can simply be defined as one name used for many tasks which is used to speed up the compilation time. Inheritance: This is a parent-child relationship between two classes. In this, the child class object inherits some properties of the parent class object. Abstraction Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. Abstraction is divided into two parts: Abstract Class: Abstract class is used to define a rule. Rules in abstract class: All the task which we can perform in a normal java class can also be performed in an abstract class. In abstract class we can define normal method as well as abstract methods. It is not compulsory to have at least one abstract method in a class. If a method is abstract then the class should be abstract. We cannot instantiate (cannot create the object) of abstract class. Abstraction is achieved using extends keyword. Interfaces: Interface are pure abstract methods. A class implements an interface, thus inheriting the abstract methods of an interface. An interface contains the behaviour that the class implements. The class that implements interface is abstract. Syntax: interface my; { declaration of methods;} 5 Rules in Interface: We cannot instantiate of an interface. Interface are used to define the rules purely. All the methods of an interface are by default public and abstract. In case of interface we use the keyword implements. If we define any data member inside an interface than by default it becomes static and final. Interface is used to achieve Multiple Inheritance. Packages Packages is a collection of classes and interfaces. No class can exist without a package included in it. This is the rule of OOP’s. But when we open a class we don’t always make a package in that class, so in this case the rule of OOP’s is violated. So to avoid this problem JAVA has given a feature in its compiler due to which when we compile the program, the compiler automatically creates a package of the respective class during the compile time. Command to compile the program with a package: javac –d . p.java Name of the project current directory is the same location as the class where the package is to be made. Destination. –d . is called the switching tool. Program with a package can be executed by using the Command: Java . Exception Handling When any abnormal condition that comes in a code which can be handled then that situation is known as Exception Handling. For every exception there are exception classes and exception methods to handle that exception in java by default. We can easily handle these unwanted exceptions by using try and catch block. Try is used to detect exceptions in a program and catch is used to handle that The â€Å"finally† block: If an exception occurs in a program then the try and catch block will be executed and then the program terminates in normal condition. But in case of finally before the termination of program finally block also executes. Syntax: try{-} catch{-} finally{-} 6 Threads Every process is divided into two categories: Heavy Weight Processes Light Weight Processes Heavy Weight Processes: These processes are those processes which stores a separate area in RAM. Light Weight Processes: These processes are those processes which occupy memory under the heavy weight processes. These light weight processes which occupy memory under the heavy weight processes are known as Threads in JAVA. Basically there are two ways in which we can make a thread: By directly implementing the runnable interface. By internally implementing the thread class in interface runnable and extending thread class. Multithreading Every part of a program is called a thread and every thread defines a separate path   of execution. Java provides a building support for multithreading program. The multithreaded  program contains two or more parts that execute concurrently. Priority of which thread will start working first is decided by a program named as Thread   Scheduler which is a program of the Operating System. It gives the priority randomly. Synchronization To avoid the corruption of data we use the concept of synchronization in threads. When we share a single object into multiple threads then the chance of data  Corruption arises and to avoid this we need the concept of synchronization. The keyword synchronized is applied on the function where the variables are  assigned values. Due to the concept of synchronization only one thread  executes at a time. Input/Output Stream Streams are nothing but a special type of buffer. In terms of JAVA streams are flow of bytes. Benefits of I/O Stream: Execution time reduces. Performance Enhances. Network congestion chances reduces. We get bulk data at a time. Streams are divided into two types: High Level Stream Low Level Stream High level stream cannot be used alone, whenever we want to use a high level stream we have to connect it by a low level stream. Stream Byte Stream Character Stream Console Based Unicode Input Output Reader Writer Stream Stream Byte Stream Input Stream Output Stream FileInputStream FileOutputStream BufferedInputStream BufferedOutputStream DataInputStream DataOutputStream ObjectInputStream ObjectOutputStream ByteArrayInputStream ByteArrayOutputStream PipedInputStream PipedOutputStream 8 Character Stream ` Reader Writer File Reader File Writer Buffered Reader Buffered Writer import java.io.*; class Demo0 { public static void main(String args[]) { FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream(â€Å"a.txt†); PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(fout); ps.println(â€Å"hello†); ps.println(â€Å"hey†); System.setOut(ps); System.out.println(â€Å"m†); } } This is a sample program of how to write a file by coding in JAVA. Serialization Serialization is the process using which we can convert an object into a stream. If we have to use an object only once and then we need to use the same object after a long time then we use the concept of serialization. Features of Serialization: Only the object of that class can persist which implements serializable interface. If the parent class implements serializable interface then there is no need for child class to implement serializable. In case of serialization transient data members cannot persist. In case of serialization static data members cannot persist. Only the non-static data members can persist. If we make any variable transient that means those variables are unwanted now and will  get no memory in the HEAP inside the JVM. Serializable interface is a type of marker interface. Marker interface are those interface  which have no methods.

Political Philosophy and Individualism Essay

Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes â€Å"the moral worth of the individual†. Individualists promote the exercise of one’s goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group, while opposing external interference upon one’s own interests by society or institutions such as the government. Individualism makes the individual its focus and so starts â€Å"with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation. † Individualism thus involves â€Å"the right of the individual to freedom and self-realization†. An individualist enters into society to further his or her own interests, or at least demands the right to serve his or her own interests, without taking the interests of society into consideration. The individualist does not lend credence to any philosophy that requires the sacrifice of the self-interest of the individual for any higher social causes. Jean-Jacques Rousseau would argue, however, that his concept of â€Å"general will† in the â€Å"social contract† is not the simple collection of individual wills and precisely furthers the interests of the individual (the constraint of law itself would be beneficial for the individual, as the lack of respect for the law necessarily entails, in Rousseau’s eyes, a form of ignorance and submission to one’s passions instead of the preferred autonomy of reason). Individualists are chiefly concerned with protecting individual autonomy against obligations imposed by social institutions (such as the state or religious morality). (Encyclopedia Britannica) Individualism, political and social philosophy that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. Individualism once exhibited interesting national variations, but its various meanings have since largely merged. Following the upheaval of the French Revolution, individualisme was used pejoratively in Franceto signify the sources of social dissolution and anarchy and the elevation of individual interests above those of the collective. The term’s negative connotation was employed by French reactionaries, nationalists, conservatives, liberals, and socialists alike, despite their different views of a feasible and desirable social order. In Germany, the ideas of individual uniqueness (Einzigkeit) and self-realization—in sum, the Romantic notion of individuality—contributed to the cult of individual genius and were later transformed into an organic theory of national community. According to this view, state and society are not artificial constructs erected on the basis of a social contract but instead unique and self-sufficient cultural wholes. In England, individualism encompassed religious nonconformity (i. e. , nonconformity with the Church of England) and economic liberalism in its various versions, including both laissez-faire and moderate state-interventionist approaches. In the United States, individualism became part of the core American ideology by the 19th century, incorporating the influences of New England Puritanism, Jeffersonianism, and the philosophy of natural rights. American individualism was universalist and idealist but acquired a harsher edge as it became infused with elements of social Darwinism (i.e. , the survival of the fittest). â€Å"Rugged individualism†Ã¢â‚¬â€extolled by Herbert Hoover during his presidential campaign in 1928—was associated with traditional American values such as personal freedom,capitalism, and limited government. As James Bryce, British ambassador to the United States (1907–13), wrote in The American Commonwealth (1888), â€Å"Individualism, the love of enterprise, and the pride in personal freedom have been deemed by Americans not only their choicest, but [their] peculiar and exclusive possession. † The French aristocratic political philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–59) described individualism in terms of a kind of moderate selfishness that disposed humans to be concerned only with their own small circle of family and friends. Observing the workings of the American democratic tradition for Democracy in America (1835–40), Tocqueville wrote that by leading â€Å"each citizen to isolate himself from his fellows and to draw apart with his family and friends,† individualism sapped the â€Å"virtues of public life,† for which civic virtue and association were a suitable remedy. For the Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (1818–97), individualism signified the cult of privacy, which, combined with the growth of self-assertion, had given â€Å"impulse to the highest individual development† that flowered in the European Renaissance. The French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1858–1917) identified two types of individualism: the utilitarian egoism of the English sociologist and philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), who, according to. Durkheim, reduced society to â€Å"nothing more than a vast apparatus of production and exchange,† and the rationalism of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1788), and the French Revolution’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), which has as â€Å"its primary dogma the autonomy of reason and as its primary rite the doctrine of free enquiry. † The Austrian economist F. A. Hayek (1899–1992), who favoured market processes and was distrustful of state intervention, distinguished what he called â€Å"false† from â€Å"true† individualism. False individualism, which was represented mainly by French and other continental European writers, is characterized by â€Å"an exaggerated belief in the powers of individual reason† and the scope of effective social planning and is â€Å"a source of modern socialism†; in contrast, true individualism, whose adherents included John Locke (1632–1704), Bernard de Mandeville (1670–1733), David Hume (1711–76), Adam Ferguson (1723–1816), Adam Smith (1723–90), and Edmund Burke(1729–97), maintained that the â€Å"spontaneous collaboration of free men often creates things which are greater than their individual minds can ever fully comprehend† and accepted that individuals must submit â€Å"to the anonymous and seemingly irrational forces of society. † Other aspects of individualism pertain to a series of different questions about how to conceive the relation between collectivities and individuals. One such question focuses on how facts about the behaviour of groups, about social processes, and about large-scale historical events are to be explained. According to methodological individualism, a view advocated by Austrian-born British philosopher Karl Popper (1902–94), any explanation of such a fact ultimately must appeal to, or be stated in terms of, facts about individuals—about their beliefs, desires, and actions. A closely related view, sometimes called ontological individualism, is the thesis that social or historical groups, processes, and events are nothing more than complexes of individuals and individual actions. Methodological individualism precludes explanations that appeal to social factors that cannot in turn be individualistically explained. Examples are Durkheim’s classic account of differential suicide rates in terms of degrees of social integration and the account of the incidence of protest movements in terms of the structure of political opportunities. Ontological individualism contrasts with various ways of seeing institutions and collectivities as â€Å"real†Ã¢â‚¬â€e. g. , the view of corporations or states as agents and the view of bureaucratic roles and rules or status groups as independent of individuals, both constraining and enabling individuals’ behaviour. Another question that arises in debates over individualism is how objects of worth or value (i. e. , goods) in moral and political life are to be conceived. Some theorists, known as atomists, argue that no such goods are intrinsically common or communal, maintaining instead that there are only individual goods that accrue to individuals. According to this perspective, morality and politics are merely the instruments through which each individual attempts to secure such goods for himself. One example of this view is the conception of political authority as ultimately derived from or justified by a hypothetical â€Å"contract† between individuals, as in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679). Another is the idea, typical in economics and in other social sciences influenced by economics, that most social institutions and relationships can best be understood by assuming that individual behaviour is motivated primarily by self-interest. Individualism with its endorsement of private enjoyments and control of one’s personal environment and its neglect of public involvement and communal attachment, has long been lamented and criticized from both the right and the left and from both religious and secular perspectives. Especially notable critiques have been made by advocates of communitarianism, who tend to equate individualism with narcissism and selfishness. Likewise, thinkers in the tradition of â€Å"republican† political thought—according to which power is best controlled by being divided—are disturbed by their perception that individualism deprives the state of the support and active involvement of citizens, thereby impairing democratic institutions. Individualism also has been thought to distinguish modern Western societies from premodern and non-Western ones, such as traditional India and China, where, it is said, the community or the nation is valued above the individual and an individual’s role in the political and economic life of his community is largely determined by his membership in a specific class or caste.

Analysis of ‘The Truman’s Show’ in search of reality Essay

The film, The Truman Show, is a fiction movie that has been created to help the human search for reality in what apparently seems real. It shows that many times, people are absorbed in an unreal environment thinking that they are indeed in the reality. Media is to blame for making false impressions of the environment. The film depicts Truman as a person who has been entangled in a false environment and is trying hard to discover the truth. In other words, this film is intended to bring to the attention the many times that we get absorbed in situations that we cannot derive any real meaning. It challenges people to wake up and search for the true meaning and not become captives of falsehood. The film depicts Truman Burbank as a person who is born in a fake world. The environment that surrounds him is that of actors. It is in a big dome decked enclosure that is fitted with high-tech simulations of the sky and the sun. The wind and rain are also simulated. They are under the control of the director of the show. Apparently, Truman does not realize that he is in a simulated world initially. Moreover, he has no idea that he is in a television studio from which people all over the world can watch him in his normal behavior as he carries on with his normal activities. However, all the situations that he finds himself in have been staged and, therefore, lack a true meaning in the real world. However, with time Truman realizes that he is in a simulated environment. He is made to discover the false surrounds he is in by the help of Sylvia, who was intended to be his wife in the artificial world. He comes to know that staged events and scenes fill his life. He then begins to plan a way of escaping to the real world. He tries all means to escape but does not succeed immediately. That is because of two major barriers. One barrier is that he has been made a victim of fear by the director of the show has he controls his world. He has been made to fear travelling by water because his father had supposedly died while fishing. Truman is informed that travelling by water was dangerous at the time, and it was safer to stay at home. Secondly, obstacles have been placed in his way such that he cannot escape easily. He is unable to arrange for flights. Traffic jams that are also staged hinder him from travelling. Therefore, he does not manage to escape easily at first. Later on, Truman devices a way to escape and finally manages to escape to the real world. The first step in his escape is that he manages to overcome his fear. He sails in the water despite the many attempts by the director to enclose him from attempting such a move. Truman discovers a door marked â€Å"Exit† and he manages to escape completely to the real world. The escape is praised by the audience as an act of courage and triumphant. He meets with Sylvia, and they reunite. That marks the end of the artificial world created on falsehood and a new beginning in the world of reality. The Truman Show has significance in ordinary lives. It depicts how people live under the false beliefs painted by the media. Truman’s discovery that he had been living in the fallacy can be compared to how people realize that media creates only illusions that do not depict the reality. However, just as Truman was unable to get out of the fake world easily, people are reluctant to break away from the false impressions created by the media. Moreover, Truman had been absorbed into the fake world just as many people find themselves hooked by the illusions created in the media. Truman is a character used to show how people get absorbed into the fake world that is created by the media. Usually, people do not notice the impact of the illusions that they absorb have on their lives. Many live in a fantasy. However, later on, they realize how impractical the life created by the media is as compared to the real world. As such, some try to find a way out of the bondage with the media. While some of them succeed in getting out, others remain as slaves of the media. Media critics act to sensitize people on the negative side of the media just like Sylvia helped Truman to discover that he was leaving in a fake world. The film, The Truman Show, is a fiction movie that has been created to help the human search for reality in what apparently seems real. It shows that many times, people are absorbed in an unreal environment thinking that they are indeed in the reality. Media is to blame for making false impressions of the environment. The film depicts Truman as a person who has been entangled in a false environment and is trying hard to discover the truth. In other words, this film is intended to bring to the attention the many times that we get absorbed in situations that we cannot derive any real meaning. It challenges people to wake up and search for the true meaning and not become captives of falsehood. The film depicts Truman Burbank as a person who is born in a fake world. The environment that surrounds him is that of actors. It is in a big dome decked enclosure that is fitted with high-tech simulations of the sky and the sun. The wind and rain are also simulated. They are under the control of the director of the show. Apparently, Truman does not realize that he is in a simulated world initially. Moreover, he has no idea that he is in a television studio from which people all over the world can watch him in his normal behavior as he carries on with his normal activities. However, all the situations that he finds himself in have been staged and, therefore, lack a true meaning in the real world. However, with time Truman realizes that he is in a simulated environment. He is made to discover the false surrounds he is in by the help of Sylvia, who was intended to be his wife in the artificial world. He comes to know that staged events and scenes fill his life. He then begins to plan a way of escaping to the real world. He tries all means to escape but does not succeed immediately. That is because of two major barriers. One barrier is that he has been made a victim of fear by the director of the show has he controls his world. He has been made to fear travelling by water because his father had supposedly died while fishing. Truman is informed that travelling by water was dangerous at the time, and it was safer to stay at home. Secondly, obstacles have been placed in his way such that he cannot escape easily. He is unable to arrange for flights. Traffic jams that are also staged hinder him from travelling. Therefore, he does not manage to escape easily at first. Later on, Truman devices a way to escape and finally manages to escape to the real world. The first step in his escape is that he manages to overcome his fear. He sails in the water despite the many attempts by the director to enclose him from attempting such a move. Truman discovers a door marked â€Å"Exit† and he manages to escape completely to the real world. The escape is praised by the audience as an act of courage and triumphant. He meets with Sylvia, and they reunite. That marks the end of the artificial world created on falsehood and a new beginning in the world of reality. The Truman Show has significance in ordinary lives. It depicts how people live under the false beliefs painted by the media. Truman’s discovery that he had been living in the fallacy can be compared to how people realize that media creates only illusions that do not depict the reality. However, just as Truman was unable to get out of the fake world easily, people are reluctant to break away from the false impressions created by the media. Moreover, Truman had been absorbed into the fake world just as many people find themselves hooked by the illusions created in the media. Truman is a character used to show how people get absorbed into the fake world that is created by the media. Usually, people do not notice the impact of the illusions that they absorb have on their lives. Many live in a fantasy. However, later on, they realize how impractical the life created by the media is as compared to the real world. As such, some try to find a way out of the bondage with the media. While some of them succeed in getting out, others remain as slaves of the media. Media critics act to sensitize people on the negative side of the media just like Sylvia helped Truman to discover that he was leaving in a fake world. Reference The Truman Show (1998). Directed by Peter Weir. 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Life as an Intellectual Under Mao Tse Dung essays

Life as an Intellectual Under Mao Tse Dung essays When Mao Zedong first came into power, we all thought that it was a great thing- he was a strong leader, and he would pilot China from lowly pit of humiliation into a higher place, where we would regain our power and respect. Mao became the driving force behind extreme alterations in China. For centuries, operas had been a traditional form of Chinese arts. These operas featured legends of emperors, princesses, ministers, generals, demons, romance, treachery, and murder, topics which Mao deemed unsuitable for audiences of peasants and farmers. Under the careful watch of his third wife, Mao commissioned a group of writers to create new operas, ones about peasants and farmers, where the audience could see themselves portrayed as the heroines, and their detested landlords as the villains. Mao abolished traditional forms of Chinese art in favor of more vain, self-concerning plays that he claimed were more appropriate to the interests of the masses and more with the party line. Censoring the arts was not just limited to our own plays, however. All visiting groups were required to perform first for Mao before they were allowed to perform for a Chinese audience. More often than not, Mao forced the groups to edit their program. A visiting Portuguese ballet company was driven to remove over half of their program, as he felt it to be too modernistic. It wasnt long before Mao began censoring not only what we could see and do, but also how we could do it. All writers were to be trained in by government writing officials- the desired effect being, of course, so that they all wrote in the same style. All writing was to be, like the operas, concerning topics of interest to its audience. None of the usual drama and royal scandals, only stories about peasants and farmers. Only literature that seemed to contribute to the achievement of Communist goals. He stated publicly that ones endo...

Crystal Easter Egg Project

Crystal Easter Egg Project These crystal Easter eggs make great decorations! Basically, you grow crystals around a real egg. You can make a crystal geode, an egg decoration or a hanging ornament for an Easter egg tree. Make pastel eggs or vibrant eggs in any color of the rainbow. This is an easy crystal growing project that yields quick results. Time Required a few hours to overnight, depending what you want Materials You can use pretty much any recipe for growing crystals. Good choices would include sugar, salt, Epsom salts or borax. I chose alum because I wanted large crystals on the egg and quick results. If you want to completely coat your egg with sparkly crystals, borax or sugar would work best. The amount of borax, sugar, salt or Epsom salt is different from the amount of alum. Basically, keep adding material to the boiling water until it stops dissolving. Use this saturated solution to grow the crystals. An egg1 cup boiling hot water4 tablespoons alum (which is the size of a typical container in the grocery store)A pin or needleFood coloring or Easter egg dye (optional)String or a pipecleaner (optional)Cup Prepare the Egg You have a few options here. Crystal Geode EggIf you want to make a geode, carefully crack the egg or cut it in half. Rinse off the shells and allow them to dry before continuing.Crystal EggYou can use a hard-boiled egg to make your crystal egg. This results in a heavy egg that can be used as a tabletop decoration.Egg OrnamentUse a pin, awl or Dremel tool to pierce a hole into each end of the egg. Push the pin or an unbent paper clip into the egg to scramble the yolk. Blow into the hole on one end of the egg to remove the egg. If you have trouble, try enlarging the hole. The crystals will grow over the bottom hole, so it isnt critical to have an inconspicuous hole. Make the Crystal Egg This is how I made the egg in the photograph: Pour 1 cup of boiling water into a glass.Stir in 4 tablespoons of alum. Keep stirring until the alum dissolves.If you want colored crystals, add a few drops of food coloring. The eggshell picks up color easily, so a little dye goes a long way.Put the egg in the glass so that it is completely covered by liquid. If you blew out the egg, youll need to submerge the egg until the air bubbles escape or else your egg will float. If you like, you can suspend a hollowed egg using a pipecleaner or string.Allow a few hours for crystal growth. Once you are pleased with the crystals, remove the egg, hang it or set it on a paper towel, and allow it to dry. This egg has large sparkling crystals that show the shape of the alum crystals. If you want alum crystals all over the egg, seed the egg before putting it in the solution by dipping it in alum powder or painting the shell with a mixture of alum and glue. Crystal Egg Recipes Sugar Crystal EggDissolve 3 cups of sugar in 1 cup of boiling water.Borax Crystal EggDissolve 3 tablespoons of borax into 1 cup of boiling or very hot water.Salt Crystal EggThe solubility of table salt or sodium chloride is highly dependent on temperature. Stir salt into boiling water until it stops dissolving. Sometimes it helps to microwave the solution to a rolling boil to get the salt into solution. Its okay if there is some undissolved salt at the bottom of the container. Let it settle out and then pour off the clear portion to use to grow your crystals.Epsom Salt Crystal EggDissolve 1 cup of Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) into 1 cup of very hot tap water. More Easter Chemistry Projects Homemade Natural Easter Egg DyesWater Into Wine Chem DemoSugar and String Crystal Easter Egg

Persronal statment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persronal statment - Essay Example Since then, I have always sought opportunities to improve on my learning through practical experience in the application of the skills learnt at college. Even though I do not have sufficient in the field due to the fact that I recently completed my course, I would like to take a challenging position as a network engineer. Specifically, I would like to gain hands on experience on network systems as I am very interested in the operation of networks. It is best for me to work in an environment of networking systems as I enjoy the work. This will tap into my creativity and make me establish new and innovative ways of handling the job. I do not wish to make the lack of experience an impediment to my career development. Instead, I wish to turn into a source of impetus for success in career development. Once established as a network engineer, I would be of benefit to the society by exploiting my talents and experience to the improvement of the society. I have already had a wonderful experience working as a volunteer in a program where I was involved in the installation of computer equipment in local schools. When I advance as a network engi neer, I will assist to install more of such systems in schools at affordable fees in order to give back to the society. I have demonstrated the ability to be innovative in the exploitation of knowledge acquired while studying electrical and electronics engineering. My friends and I developed a unique application that created an information exchange network without involving the internet. We were able to sell this application to a local company and earned a tidy first income from it. I believed that if I am exposed to a more favourable environment, I would be able to come up with more innovations as a network engineer to help make the society a better place for everyone. Putting my skills into practice has also enabled me to work effectively as a member of a team. For example, when working on the innovative application, we used

To what degree have organisations resolved the cultural and Essay

To what degree have organisations resolved the cultural and organisational problems associated with the expansion of Internet technology - Essay Example There are many search engines from where specific and precise information can be found easily and without any major complexities. It’s all free on the Internet to this level but there are certain sites which ask for money in return of their services to the users. (Madden, 2002) Organizations are the biggest users of the Internet and they mostly employ it for the promotion of their products and services, which are introduced in the local as well as global market every now and then. The Internet for them is providing benefits aplenty. These advantages can be in the form of providing information to the users as well as advertising on the net and thus setting sights and their target market on the whole world. (Fonseca, 2002) The domestic use of Internet is spreading at a fast pace. E-mail is the most famous of the net services that is being used by people all over the world. Other than this, chat programs and voice is also being used all over the world and is quite famous. The Internet is very helpful from the technical as well as specification information viewpoint; about the different machines and their tools that are a part of the business industry throughout the world. The use of Internet is a two-way communication platform between the buyer and the seller and it is up to either one of them to harness its potentials as much as he/she possibly can. It can also be used on the buyer’s part to â€Å"offset† a salesman’s characteristics and benefits with prior knowledge of the product. This very valuable knowledge attained can be used to undervalue other’s products and services. The training of staff over a certain period of time becomes immensely important since they stagnate in their current positions and they need to look out of their spaces to explore more and more. The communication aspect for these staff members comes in handy that have to be considered all said

The Problem of Old Harjo by John M. Oskison Article

The Problem of Old Harjo by John M. Oskison - Article Example The new generation of Native writers themselves was just as critical of missionary efforts. In 1907 John M. Oskison's story â€Å"The Problem of Old Harjo† explored the dilemma of a well-intentioned Christian missionary who believes she can convert an elderly Native. The difficulty is that Old Harjo is happily married to two wives, and forcing him to renounce either one would be â€Å"cruel and useless.† Though Harjo fervently seeks church membership, the missionary is sensible enough to doubt that demanding a separation â€Å"would in the least advance morality amongst the tribe, but I'm certain that it would make three gentle people unhappy for the rest of their lives.† In this instance at least, when Indian custom and missionary certainty come into conflict, the missionary must back down.   The problem of having to choose between two wives and two sets of values is not unique to the rising class of freed slaves. Native Americans commonly had more than one wi fe; this presented a problem for Native Americans as they were converted to Christianity and expected to conform to the rules of American society. Although the government would not honor such a marriage, they were emotionally and economically binding for the spouses.   In â€Å"The Problem of Old Harjo,† John Oskison, another Native American, addresses this issue. Harjo, like Old White Bull, has two wives. While this is the tale of conflict between Christianity and native traditions, it still offers tremendous insight into the emotional bond of marriage, even when more than two people are involved. Oskison builds credibility for the institution by first portraying the missionaries as superficially religious but not concerned with Harjo’s well-being—they are representatives of a church of â€Å"scandalized missionaries† (Oskison 967). While the missionaries are sarcastic with one another and worry only about sin, ignorance, bigamy, and moral rehabilitati on, Harjo is sincere in his acceptance of Jesus (ironically, the only truly crucial part of the missionaries’ teachings) and is sincere in his love and responsibility for both of his wives.   

Financial Independence and the Single Woman Essay Example for Free

Financial Independence and the Single Woman Essay Most, if not all of Jane Austen’s renowned novels feature the trials and tribulations of single women—from Pride and Prejudice, to Sense and Sensibility, to Emma. The focus is specifically on the concept of marriage as the only viable choice for a single woman, if she wished to live substantially in her later years. However, while the subject of being wed to a suitable gentleman is present in Emma, the main character possesses a quality different from those in the other stories mentioned—Emma Woodhouse is financially stable. Therefore, this discussion of Austen’s Emma will be done through a different angle, which runs contrary to the author’s quote above. Matrimony in Emma is thoroughly explored and its nature as a solution for an unmarried woman’s future, yet it apparently does not apply to the story’s protagonist. Further arguments will expose the same logic as it is perceived today—after all, Austen wrote most of her work during the mid- to late 19th century. II. Emma Woodhouse and Matchmaking The penchant of the title character for matching her women friends with possible grooms composes the running narrative of the story. Because of a previous success, Emma decides to do the same for her friend Harriet Smith, an innocent but socially-inept young woman. Emma pours all of her efforts in setting Harriet up with the pompous Mr. Elton, and cut all possibilities of Harriet’s consideration of a marriage proposal she had received from Mr. Martin, a young farmer. Eventually, after many plot twists and turns and appearances of more characters, her plans backfire as the arrogant Elton reveals his true desire for Emma, and not for Harriet. Harriet happily ends up with Martin, and Emma admits to her own affections for her longtime friend Mr. Knightley. It is obvious that Emma’s obsession with matchmaking does not cover merely attraction; she chose Mr. Elton for Harriet mainly because of his financial stability, being the local vicar. Compared to the income of a regular farmer, a vicar would ensure a better life for Harriet. Clearly, the era’s societal norms and economic potential for women are at play, for woman were generally not entitled to many occupational choices; the most common would be as a family teacher or governess, both which are not financially rewarding. But the biggest bane of women then was the possibility of being single until they reach an age unacceptable for marriage—which would be around the mid-20s. For Emma, born into a wealthy family and allowed to make her own decisions, the best way to make sure her less fortunate women friends would have good lives ahead would be to marry a rich man. This is not explicitly implied in the story, as Emma’s designs were disguised as just a bored, rich girl’s newest hobby. However, in analyzing her own conditions as well as her initial rejection of the poor Mr. Martin for Harriet, it is obvious that she subscribes to the concept of marriage being the only solution for women other than herself.

Things Fall Apart: An Analysis :: essays research papers

Things Fall Apart: An Analysis The culture of the Umuofia society before the colonial infiltration, may be hard to understand but we are forced by Achebe to realize it has traditions and customs that make it work. Although, looking at it from our Judaeo-Christian point of view we may be appalled by some of their practices. We also have to realize that they have strengths. Things Fall apart is the idea of balance and interdependence, earth and sky, individual and community, man and woman or different perspectives on the same situation. The central image of this balance is contained in the Ibo concept of "chi," which occurs throughout the novel. A persons "chi" is their destiny, his inner self, "you wouldn't challenge your "chi" to a wrestling match," as did Okonkwo when he assisted in the killing of Ikemefuna, whom he loved and who called him father. Okonkwo sins not only against the earth goddess, protector of family relations, but also against his inner most feelings or his "chi." Any bad luck that occurs, people of this culture would say that you have a bad "chi." Okonkwo's destiny is marked by bad luck, one reason may be that he is so driven by the fear of resembling his father that he struggles to repress part of his personality with predictably afflicted results. This was a society where a man was judged by his own achievement and not that of his fathers. Yams were the primary crop of Umuofia. A sign of manliness was if you could farm yams to feed your family. Okonkwo is respected because of his hard work. The complex patterns of Umuofia's economic and social customs materialize throughout this novel as we see Okonkwo compelled to rid himself of any similarities that his father had. Unoka had no titles, was lazy and when he died was greatly in debt. Some may wonder how a society like the Ibo's functioned, how they enforce

Organization’s Cost and Profitability and Performance Indicators Essay

The emergence of the internet and other information technology has been hailed by the business world as one of the drivers of growth and profitability. It revolutionized the relationships between businesses and their customers; between and among businesses; and between customers, too. Implementing e-business, however, is not easily implemented. Apart from the monetary costs, there are also integration and transition issues that an organization needs to face. Quan (2008) argues that in spite of the heavy investment in e-business activities and platforms, there is no conclusive proof that demonstrates significant returns from e-business. When profitability is measured, leaders demonstrated success. In terms of cost measurement, however, they did not. I agree with Quan that too many executives and IT practitioners have joined the bandwagon of e-business because of success stories of some internet businesses. It is easier to join the bandwagon and duplicate what other organizations have done than to take a look at one’s own situation and peculiarities to really determine, which approach would work. If this were followed, the impact of e-business would have been more salient. In my own experience, the integration of information technology and e-business framework has mixed results. It helped the way that the business connects with its customers and clients. In terms of customer relationship management and the way that the business manages its inventory and its communication needs. The investment on e-business is significant. The business has to employ additional individuals so as to manage the elements of e-business and spend on additional equipment and gadgets that could make the system work. The returns on this investment, however, cannot be felt right away. There are several areas of business operations rendered more efficiently such as reporting, accessing information, savings on materials such as paper that are no longer used extensively. In the short run, e-business platforms and elements tend to be more on the cost side of the business. For managers, this is a rather alarming situation. Profitability is of course the ultimate goal of any business. Yet, e-business tends to be unprofitable in the short run. Quan agrees with such an observation. To maximize the impact of e-business profitability, the timeline of the implementation should be clear and there should be clear guidelines as to the implementation of the project. In our case, we managed the expectations of stakeholders by informing them of the process that the organization will go through while e-business platform is being integrated into the system. Managers and organizations, in general, should be able to manage expectations as to the situation of e-business integration. Yet, management should not be afraid to take risks because of the benefits that e-business could bring to the organization as a whole. Several months might not be enough to see the results of e-business integration. Yet, if the organization will really follow through on its investment, the results will be seen in due time. The challenge, however, is planning and mapping out these results. With deft management and effective communication within and without the organization, e-business will succeed and become integrated into the operations of the business in the long run.